{"id":8038,"date":"2019-11-27T00:45:36","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dijitaltopuklar.com\/?p=8038"},"modified":"2019-11-27T00:45:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:45:36","slug":"edebiyatci-savasci-halide-edip-adivar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/2019\/11\/edebiyatci-savasci-halide-edip-adivar\/","title":{"rendered":"Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131, Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131: Halide Edip Ad\u0131var"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyet tarihinde ad\u0131n\u0131 duyuran en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131nlardan biri olan Halide Edip Ad\u0131var yaln\u0131zca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserleriyle de\u011fil, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki cesareti ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde di\u011fer kad\u0131nlara verdi\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131z ilhamla da an\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/em><\/h3>\n

1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fan Halide Edip Ad\u0131var, hen\u00fcz 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce \u00f6\u011frenirken Jacob Abbott’un “Ana” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirerek II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan \u015eefkat Ni\u015fan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine, Hristiyan okullar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6\u011frencilerin okuyamayaca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131 \u00fczerine ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Robert Kolej\u2019e geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp, buradan diploma alan ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6\u011frenci olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Mezun olduktan sonra matematik \u00f6\u011fretmeni Salih Zeki Bey ile evlendi ve iki o\u011flu oldu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir\u00e7ok \u00e7eviri yay\u0131nlad\u0131, bunlara birka\u00e7 Sherlock Holmes \u00e7evirisi ile Hamlet \u00e7evirisi de dahildi.<\/p>\n

1908\u2019de Me\u015frutiyetin ikinci ilan\u0131ndan sonra gazetelerde yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleleri b\u00fcy\u00fck dikkat toplad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 muhafazakarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sert\u00e7e ele\u015ftirildi ve 31 Mart ayaklanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme tehlikesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in o\u011fullar\u0131yla birlikte M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gitti. Buradan da kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lar sayesinde kendisine ula\u015fan \u0130ngiliz gazeteci Isabelle Fry\u2019\u0131n davetiyle \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye gitti. Bu seyahati, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda d\u00fcnyada olup bitenleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na ve Bertrand Russell gibi \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na vesile oldu. Ertesi y\u0131l tekrar \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ilk roman\u0131 \u2018Heyul\u00e2\u2019<\/strong> ve hemen ard\u0131ndan \u2018Raik\u2019in Annesi\u2019<\/strong> yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada, K\u0131z \u00d6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ve ba\u015fka okullarda m\u00fcfetti\u015flik yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu g\u00f6revleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un farkl\u0131 mahallelerinde edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeleri, daha sonra me\u015fhur \u2018Sinekli Bakkal\u2019 roman\u0131na zemin olu\u015fturacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

E\u015fi Salih Bey ikinci bir kad\u0131nla evlenmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011finde hemen bo\u015fand\u0131lar ve Halide Salih olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 Halide Edip olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bo\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisindeki konumunu esas alan ve kendi evlili\u011finden, hayat\u0131ndan izler ta\u015f\u0131yan roman\u0131 \u2018Seviyye Talip\u2019<\/strong> yay\u0131nland\u0131. O y\u0131llarda bir kad\u0131n\u0131n evlili\u011fiyle ilgili kararlar almas\u0131 bile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir meseleyken ikinci bir e\u015f isteyen kocas\u0131n\u0131 terk etmesi ve feminist bir eser olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu roman\u0131 yazmas\u0131, Halide Edip\u2019in muhafazakar \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan iyice mimlenmesine neden olmu\u015ftu. Ancak o, hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sak\u0131nmadan do\u011fru bildi\u011fini ifade etmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki kad\u0131n hareketi i\u00e7erisinde aktif rol alan Halide Edip, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk kad\u0131n derneklerinden olan Teali-i Nisvan Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin (Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Y\u00fckseltme Derne\u011fi) kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Derne\u011fin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamede evlilik yasal bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve kad\u0131nlara bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 da savunan dernek, d\u00fczenli olarak konferanslar d\u00fczenleyerek halk\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, okuma-yazma kurslar\u0131 da d\u00fczenleyerek kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumda daha aktif olabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Milli M\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nc\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Okuma ve yazma hevesi hi\u00e7 dinmeyen, bir yandan da vatan\u0131na hizmet etmek i\u00e7in tutu\u015fan Halide Edip, \u0130stanbul Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun\u2019da Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kurulan K\u00f6yc\u00fcler Cemiyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgalinden sonra milli m\u00fccadele, birinci \u00f6nceli\u011fi haline geldi ve Anadolu\u2019ya silah ka\u00e7\u0131rma i\u015finden gazetelerde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 yaz\u0131lar yazmaya kadar, var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu bu m\u00fccadeleye adad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Amerikan mandas\u0131n\u0131 savunan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131 ve 1919\u2019da Mustafa Kemal\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta bu fikirlerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sivas Kongresi\u2019nde bu \u00f6nerisi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve reddedildi. Amerikan boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131na girmeyi savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirilen ve \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131 \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famak zorunda kalan Halide Edip, y\u0131llar sonra s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u201cMustafa Kemal hakl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f!\u201d diyecekti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Halide Edip, Milli M\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydanlarda d\u00fczenlenen protestolarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarla da dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Asri Kad\u0131nlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ve kad\u0131n hatiplerin de konu\u015fmac\u0131 oldu\u011fu ilk a\u00e7\u0131khava mitingi olan Fatih Mitingi\u2019nde k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kan ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131 oldu ve att\u0131\u011f\u0131 nutuk b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun ard\u0131ndan Kad\u0131k\u00f6y ve \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019daki mitinglerde de konu\u015ftu ve me\u015fhur Sultanahmet mitinginde s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cMilletler dostumuz, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ile dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu s\u0131rada e\u015fiyle birlikte Ankara\u2019ya da giderek Milli M\u00fccadele eylemlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, Yunus Nadi Bey ile birlikte Anadolu Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n<\/strong> kurulu\u015funda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. Hem muhabir hem de y\u00f6netici olarak ajansta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Hakimiyet-i Milliye gazetesinde de g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Orduya kat\u0131lmak istedi\u011fini bir mektupla Mustafa Kemal\u2019e bildirdi ve cephe karargahlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda onba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesi ald\u0131. Daha sonra \u0130zmir\u2019de de cephede g\u00f6rev yapan Halide Edip, sava\u015ftaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130stiklal Madalyas\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi. 1920\u2019de \u0130stanbul \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi\u011finde, Mustafa Kemal ile birlikte idama mahkum edilen ki\u015filerin aras\u0131nda Halide Edip\u2019in de ismi ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Ate\u015fle \u0130mtihan\u0131, Ate\u015ften G\u00f6mlek, Kalp A\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, Zeyno\u2019nun O\u011flu ve Vurun Kahpeye adl\u0131 eserleri, sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131ndan esinlenerek yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserleriydi.<\/p>\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda hem siyaset, hem e\u011fitim hem de edebiyat sahnesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 ile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yerinde \u00fcniversitelerde dersler verdi, 50\u2019li y\u0131llarda Demokrat Parti milletvekilli\u011fi yapt\u0131. 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bizlere 20 roman, 4 hikaye, 2 an\u0131 kitab\u0131 ve 2 tiyatro oyunu b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesindeki \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da bu d\u00fcnyaya katk\u0131lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en az eserleri kadar k\u0131ymetliydi.<\/p>\n

\u2666<\/p>\n

Bu web sitesinin i\u00e7eri\u011finin sorumlulu\u011fu tamam\u0131yla Dijital Topuklar’a aittir ve sponsorun\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyet tarihinde ad\u0131n\u0131 duyuran en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131nlardan biri olan Halide Edip Ad\u0131var yaln\u0131zca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserleriyle de\u011fil, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki cesareti ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde di\u011fer kad\u0131nlara verdi\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131z ilhamla da an\u0131l\u0131yor. 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fan Halide Edip Ad\u0131var, hen\u00fcz 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce \u00f6\u011frenirken Jacob Abbott’un “Ana” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirerek II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan \u015eefkat Ni\u015fan\u0131 ile […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[206,333,335,376,409,469,510,543,564],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8038"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8038\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}