Kad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131 meselesi kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde senelerdir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istenen neticelerin al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konudur. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 2001 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kad\u0131nlar evlenmekle soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte, do\u011frudan ve yaln\u0131zca kocalar\u0131n\u0131n soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 almakta idiler. \u00d6yle ki kad\u0131n \u00fczerindeki tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn \u201cyer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi\u201d n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de yans\u0131makta, kad\u0131n evlenme ile kocas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7mektedir. Ayr\u0131ca evlilik i\u00e7inde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk, do\u011frudan babas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. Burada \u00fcst\u00fcnde durulmas\u0131 gereken; evlenme\/bo\u015fanma halinde kad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131, evlenme\/bo\u015fanma halinde kad\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve cinsiyet ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun baba soyad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 meseleleridir.<\/p>\n
\u201cKad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile temel kanunlardan Medeni Kanun’da m\u00fcstakil bir madde olmas\u0131 dahi esasen konu hakk\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fum yapabiliyor olmas\u0131 sebebiyle hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kimi farkl\u0131 uygulamalara maruz kalmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131labilir<\/strong> ve hakkaniyetli bir uygulamad\u0131r. Gerek Anayasa gerekse taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bunun dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak hakl\u0131 bir gerek\u00e7enin sunulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. (Emziren kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kad\u0131na s\u00fct izni verilmesi gibi.) Hi\u00e7bir hakl\u0131 gerek\u00e7e olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kad\u0131na cinsiyeti sebebiyle farkl\u0131 bir hukuki d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hususta Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine verilmi\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z karar da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye nihayet 2001\u2019de evlenen kad\u0131na kocas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kendi soyad\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yabilme imkan\u0131 getirmi\u015fse de d\u00fczenleme h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeterli de\u011fildir. \u00d6ncelikle kad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in ilave bir ba\u015fvuruya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r, herhangi bir bildirim yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak kendi soyad\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa esas olan uygulaman\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131n\u0131n tutulmas\u0131, talep halinde kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olurdu.<\/strong> Ek olarak bu d\u00fczenleme dahilinde kad\u0131n\u0131n sadece kendi soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 gerekmektedir. N\u00fcfus m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fvuru ile neticelendirilemeyecek kadar zorlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bo\u015fanma halinde erke\u011fin ki\u015fisel durumunu inceleyen bir hukuki d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Oysa Medeni Kanun yine m\u00fcstakil bir madde ile sadece soyad\u0131 meselesini i\u00e7eren \u015fekilde \u201cBo\u015fanan Kad\u0131n\u0131n Ki\u015fisel Durumu\u201dnu d\u00fczenler ve \u201c(\u2026) Kad\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kocas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakta menfaati bulundu\u011fu ve bunun kocaya bir zarar vermeyece\u011fi ispatlan\u0131rsa, istemi \u00fczerine h\u00e2kim, kocas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na izin verir. Koca, ko\u015fullar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde bu iznin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.\u201d Kad\u0131n evlenme\/bo\u015fanma eylemleri neticesinde \u00e7evresiyle ili\u015fki kurmada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk bilgi olan isim-soyisim konusunda m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcle d\u00fc\u015fer ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u201cizinler\u201d almas\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kocaya \u201czarar vermeyece\u011fini\u201d ispat etmesi gerekir<\/strong>. Evlenen ya da bo\u015fanan erke\u011finse hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde b\u00f6yle sorunlar\u0131 olmaz. Bo\u015fanmak sadece bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle dahi kad\u0131n i\u00e7in daha zorlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bir di\u011fer ayr\u0131mc\u0131 d\u00fczenleme olan aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fcessesesi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tarihe kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereken bir d\u00fczenleme olup mevcut uygulamas\u0131 itibariyle ailenin reisinin koca oldu\u011fu \u00f6n kabul\u00fc \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Hem\u015fehrilik ve \u00e7e\u015fitli fi\u015flemeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015fe yaramayan aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hanesi kad\u0131n\u0131n evlenmesi ile birlikte kocan\u0131nkine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece aile i\u00e7inde sabit olan\u0131n koca oldu\u011fu, kad\u0131n\u0131nsa gelen\/gidebilecek oldu\u011fu (\u201cgelin\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keninde oldu\u011fu gibi) tescillenmi\u015f olur.<\/strong> Sabit olmayan kimse i\u00e7in herhangi bir iktidar s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden de bahsedilemez.<\/p>\n Soyad\u0131 meselesinde bir di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun soyba\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinde \u201c\u00c7ocuk, ana ve baba evli ise ailenin; evli de\u011filse anan\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r\u201d<\/em> ifadesine yer verir. Baban\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 ailenin soyad\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Babay\u0131 ailenin \u201creisi\u201d k\u0131lan zihniyetin kanundaki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yerini bulur<\/strong>. Aile i\u00e7inde anne ve babadan olu\u015fan \u201cebeveyn\u201d rol\u00fcne dair bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, baban\u0131n \u201caile\u201dyi temsil etti\u011fi bir tablo \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Bu konuda g\u00fcncel Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bo\u015fanan kad\u0131na velayet verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131 kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirebilme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yine kendi soyad\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu gibi burada da dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n Bahsi ge\u00e7en baba fig\u00fcr evlenme halinde \u201ckoca\u201dya transfer olur, koca muktedir baban\u0131n yerini al\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan soyad\u0131 ve aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da bu iktidar\u0131n reddi \u00fczerine temellendirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bu iktidar\u0131 erkekten al\u0131p kad\u0131na y\u00fcklemekte aramak muktedir olgusu kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de sa\u011flamaz. Bu hususa dair d\u00fczenlemelerin zaruri oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmekte ise de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu arg\u00fcman\u0131n i\u015flevini yitirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. TC kimlik numaras\u0131 olmadan soyad\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde zaten soyad\u0131 m\u00fcessesi zaman i\u00e7inde toptan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir. Muhtemelen \u00e7ipli kimlikler devam\u0131nda uygulama buna evrilecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015flevsiz kalan soyad\u0131 ve aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczenlemeleri ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcm bu ayr\u0131mc\u0131 uygulamalar da topyek\u00fbn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131 meselesi kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde senelerdir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istenen neticelerin al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konudur. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 2001 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kad\u0131nlar evlenmekle soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte, do\u011frudan ve yaln\u0131zca kocalar\u0131n\u0131n soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 almakta idiler. \u00d6yle ki kad\u0131n \u00fczerindeki tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn \u201cyer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi\u201d n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de yans\u0131makta, kad\u0131n evlenme ile kocas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7mektedir. Ayr\u0131ca evlilik i\u00e7inde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[32,39],"tags":[336,755],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5878"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perihanciragoz.com\/dijitaltopuklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}